Formal Elements in photography, are visual features that can make a simple subject, into something extraordinary.

6 elements:

Line – It is a center point that continues. It can also lead to the interesting part of the photo.

Shape – A shape is a form or outline of a subject. It is a geometric figure, which includes of rectangles, circles, and more.

Pattern – A pattern is a the repetition of a subject, form, or decoration.

Texture – The feeling and appearance of the surface of the subject

Tone – The level of brightness in photographs/photography

Focus – Its to show particular attention to usually one subject in the visual representation.

No, an image can show multiple elements. For example, in the image below, there’s focus, and the use of focus is with lines, as the lines all lead to the point in the center, allowing viewers to focus on the center of the image.