1. I think Formal Elements mean that the fundamental elements that compose a picture
  2. Line: a straight or curve continuous length that does not have width    Shape: something composed from points and lines that is closed and have length and width    pattern: the repetition of lines and/or shapes   Texture: how a substance feels like  focus: how clear something is   value/tone: how light/ dark something is
  3. Line:   Shape:   Pattern:   Tone: Texture: Focus:
  4. I think an elements cannot exist in pictures in isolation. This is because everything has a texture (at the very least) and some type of tone. However, the main focus/emphasis can be a single element.