Through my project, which was a windmill powering a LED light, learned multiple design techniques and scientific knowledge through the process. The idea for my prototype originated from a YouTube tutorial video. Most of the steps that I took during my practical-making process were following the procedure of the video, but also made my own changes to the design which made the prototype more efficient. During the two weeks of working on this project, I encountered impediments and tried my best to overcome them successfully. Unfortunately, the project did not function as I expected, even after multiple changes to the design.
Which success criteria do you think was the hardest to achieve and why?
The success criteria that was hardest to achieve is the second criteria: the LED light would be successfully powered through wind power. Theoretically, my design could create enough energy to power the LED light; however, I did not discern where the mistake is in my practical prototype, causing the failure of the energy transformation. During my planning stage, I did not thoroughly consider all the possibilities of my prototype and how it might encounter problems. If I were to reconsider and go through the design process again, I would test my prototype out at least one class prior to the last class, so that I could have time for more testing out and improving my prototype if it does not work as expected. The unsuccessful result of this criteria can be traced back to my lack of research on simple circuits and time management skills.
What was your 2nd and 3rd best idea, and after completing the project do you think either of those ideas would have worked better than your current idea?
My second-best idea was to make a lava lamp, the idea was not taken into consideration because it was not the most practice idea (the process was too time-consuming, and the materials are hard to be found in the lava lamp tutorial video which I found, this can be seen in the Define and Inquire post). Additionally, the final product does not present energy transformation as sufficiently as the windmill. After completing the windmill project, I do not think that I should have chosen the lava lamp instead. The windmill’s difficulty level is more suitable for me, and if the windmill encountered problems that I did not have enough time and knowledge to solve, the lava lamp (being more difficult) could have caused more difficult impediments on my project.
What impact did your initial audience analysis have on your final product?
My initial audience, since the design was originally to be a cloud lamp, was children, female users, or young adults. However, this project is not a project that was designed for marketing and producing large quantities, the consideration of my audience’s preferences was not my main focus in this project.
What impact did your initial problem analysis have on your planning?
My initial problem analysis was constantly reminding me. It stated the problems with time management and safety; therefore, I was always aware of the high temperature and sharp equipment in my practical process. I did not, however, identify the problem with technical difficulties. If I were to reconsider my problems, I should have definitely added problems such as how to use certain technology in the design lab or how to make sure a circuit is functioning according to plan.
From a project management standpoint, how effective was your time management?
My overall management of this project is considerably organized. I bought all the materials which I might need ahead of time and planned all the theoretical documents before I started to manufacture my prototype. My time management was mediocre. I followed my initial plan exactly and was even ahead of time for some days. My project was finished as planned; on the last day of the five days. However, the prototype not being successful is caused by the initial timeline plan. I should have left an extra day for finalizing my product, which would provide me with more time to change and redesign if my prototype does not work. Meaning that I should have brought the hairdryer and tried out my product on the fourth day instead of the fifth, leaving at least 2 days for me to reconsider the design. If I were to do this project again, I could have also done more research on circuits and windmills, instead of rushing to start making my prototype after only referencing one or two sources and the YouTube video (which we have no evidence on whether the information is credible).
I started by cutting out the blades and the center of the windmill. I discovered a problem with the theoretical first plan, since using a cardboard windmill is very hard to reach the number of volts needed for the red light to light. Using the multimeter, I discovered the voltage the windmill could produce (by turning the fan fast using my hand) is at most 0.5 volt, and the LED light I plan to use needs at least 1.5 volts.
After identifying this problem, I asked Mr. Michie for feedback on my design, and he suggested that I should try using gears. Therefore, I started to consider using gears to maximize the voltage. When the fan is connected to the large gear, and the large gear is connected to the small gear, one round turned by the large gear would equal several rounds of the small gear; therefore, increasing the energy by at least 3 times.
Next time, I would start to put together the gears after I have made out a possible plan at home.
Figure 1 – Gear connection idea to increase energy production by the windmill.
Day 2 of Making Prototype:
Using my second plane and the second model (figure 3) that I drew; I started by connecting the blades of the windmill to the 5cm diameter gear. I then made a box for the gear to be connected to and used an iron wire to connect the box and windmill (figure 2). The problem I encountered is that because the blades, the gear, and the box are close together, the friction created is too high for the windmill to work without encountering a stop of blades hitting the side of the box. I asked Mr. Michie for feedback on whether the prototype is in an optimistic situation, and he suggested the same as I thought, which is the problem with friction. He also suggested that the cardboard prototype is not rigid enough, which I also agree since my current prototype does not seem stable.
Next time, I would solve this problem, a possible solution could be adding a piece of material that causes less friction between the gear and the box. I would also need to utilize the part of the motor tower and the connections between the LED light and the motor.
Figure 2 – Windmill front and side view.
Figure 3 – Second model (the first model is shown in the Develop and Plan post).
Day 3 of Making Prototype:
Today, the problem with friction previously mentioned is mostly solved by adding another gear onto the first gear (see the windmill part of figure 4). Using hot glue, I connected the 1.5cm diameter gear to the dynamite motor, added a piece of cardboard to the side of the motor, and connected the motor to the box behind the windmill. By doing this, I changed the idea of making another tower for the motor itself. I decided to only make one tower, which could avoid the problem of the two gears not matching up if the two towers’ heights are not measured correctly. To secure the motor, I hot glued a piece of cardboard with the dimensions of 2cm by 6cm from the bottom of the motor to the tower, holding up the motor. Afterward, I used 2 wires with alligator clips and connected the motor to the LED light (figure 5). Considering the light of the LED could be very limited, I changed the idea of making a cloud lamp since the cotton added onto the lampshade would block the already limited light.
My classmate (William Pan)’s feedback suggested that I could make the blades of the windmill longer, so it captures more wind and therefore increases the electricity produced. Next class, I would take this into consideration and try using a fan to test whether the windmill would work if possible. At last, I could paint the windmill white to make it more presentable.
Figure 4 – Windmill connected to the lamp.
Figure 5 – Wire connection to the motor.
Day 4 of Making Prototype:
Today, I added a 5cm addition to the blades of the windmill (figure 6) and glued the lampshade to the cardboard base (figure 7). Considering how the appearance of the windmill is not presentable, I used sand acrylic to paint the windmill (figure 7). Since most of the practical work is done, I worked on my documents and spent time revising my Create and Improve.
The design lab did not have a fan and we could not borrow one anywhere; therefore, I will bring a hairdryer to school next class and try out if the LED would work, and then make changes if necessary.
Figure 6 – Additional part to the blade.
Figure 7 – Painted windmill.
Day 5 of Making Prototype:
Today I brought a hair dryer to blow the windmill, but the windmill did not work as expected. Using the multimeter, the voltage varies between 0.5 to 0.8 volts. At one point, the motor reached 8 volts for two or three seconds, but it did not maintain there, and nor could it go back to 8 volts anytime during today. As a result, I surmised that it might be the multimeter’s error.
After checking several times that the wire connection did not have a problem, I tried changing another motor (figure 8). By testing the two motors several times, and connecting the multimeter directly to the motor, I concluded that the loss of energy was not because of the motors and might be that the windmill itself was not stable enough.
Figure 8 – New motor
Trying to find a better way of the design, I asked Mr. Michie and Ms. Amanda for feedback on the design. Mr. Michie suggested taking off the small gear and using a rubber band to connect the 5cm diameter gear directly to where the small gear was on the motor. This was to maximize more energy. I tried this idea out, but the motor and big gear could not hold the rubber band in a stretched-out state while the rubber band pulled the previous two together. Afterward, Ms. Amanda suggested using a piece of wood to substitute the small gear and put the rubber band around i. This too ended with the rubber band pulling the wood and the big gear too close together.
Considering the stability of the windmill, I changed the soft iron wire that was used to connect the windmill to the box into a relatively harder metal stick. After this change, the windmill has a much more stable connection to the box. However, after several experiments, the windmill still could not power the windmill.
The most problematic obstacle for my design is that I could not identify where the energy was lost in the cycle even after eliminating and redesigning all the places that could cause a major loss of energy. However, after comparing the possibilities of why the windmill could not power, I think the rigidness of a cardboard windmill is the most influential to my design, and I should have considered using a more stable material in my designing stage.
Day 1Feb 17: Complete Develop & Plan, buy the cotton and the material to hold the lamp structure, and start to make the cardboard part of the windmill.
Day 2 Feb 21: Finish the making of the windmill. Decide whether to use gears, if so how to connect them.
Day 3 Feb 23: Carry out the plan from the last class.
Day 4 Feb 27: Connect the circuit and consider the appearance of the prototype.
Day 5 Mar 1: Finalize the prototype.
Materials
motor*1
2 pieces of cardboard 50cm*50cm
Cotton
Lampshade
Wires 10cm
LED light that can be connected to wires
Clear glue
White glue
5cm diameter gear and 1.5 cm diameter gear.
Procedure
Make 4*3cm diameter circles with a hole in the middle using cardboard and stick them layered together using white glue.
Cut an 8cm*2.5cm rectangle, cut the top corners, and cut out a semicircle on the other shorter edge.
Curve the rectangle cardboard in half and stick it onto the circle made in step 1 to make a blade of the windmill.
Repeat steps 2 and 3 for 4 times, and connect the windmill made to the 5cm diameter gear.
Connect the gear to the cardboard box using iron wire (see model).
Make a 20cm long cylinder cardboard stick connecting to the bottom of the cardboard box.
Cover the side DC motor with cardboard, connect the 1.5cm gear with the DC motor by putting the top of the motor through the hole in on the center of the gear.
Glue the finished windmill to a base of 9cm*9cm.
Glue the finished motor in step 8 to another 9cm*9cm cardboard base, matching together the gears.
Connect the finished windmill with the base to a 40cm to 25cm cardboard.
Glue the LED light on the same 40cm*25cm cardboard, beside the windmill.
Connect the wires of the motor with the extra 10 cm wire, then connect it to the LED light.
Glue the cotton onto the lampshade.
Glue the cotton lampshade onto the 40*30 cardboard on top of the LED light.
First model:
Second model: (gear connection, other parts are the same as the first model).
Success Criteria:
Create a rigid prototype of a windmill using cardboard that could produce energy when in an environment with a large wind.
The LED light would be successfully powered through wind power.
The appearance of the windmill and lamp is considerably appealing.
The goal of this engineering project is to create an engineering prototype that shows the transfer of energy. To reach this goal, we will be using the design process and creating a toy that fits the audience, has a clear purpose, consider the environment, and has an appealing appearance. In this document, I would record my ideas and problems that I would consider.
Problems:
Safety: The making process of any idea would most possibly include electricity; therefore, when making the prototype I need to make sure that the electricity would not leak, and I would not use anything that conducts electricity to touch it. The process might also use hot glue, which has a very high temperature that would burn hands.
Time: The time for the whole project is two weeks, and the time is not very adequate for any large projects. In order to stay on track, I need to write out a schedule that would help me finish my project on time.
Idea 1: Lava lamp
My first idea is to make a lava lamp. Lava lamps work with a simple mechanic and its energy transfer is obviously identified. I could consider adding decorations other than oil inside the lamp and put more creativity in the way I can change a classic lava lamp.
Purpose: The purpose of this prototype is to model how electric energy transfers to thermal energy along with how the density difference between oil and water would cause the movements in the lava lamp. Knowledge of energy transformation, density, and particle movement could be learned through the process of making this prototype.
User/audience:
Lava lamps can be intriguing to many different groups, but more specifically, it would be more favored by children or young adults.
Pros: This idea is practicable, the materials that are required should be easy to get, the mechanism of it is simple to understand, and the presentation of this project is pleasing. Another aspect to consider is monetary problems, and this idea does not include anything that is not affordable.
Cons: The creativity that I can show on this idea is very limited since it is hard to change the appearance or the mechanism of a lava lamp. The idea of making lava lamps could have been used too often by students and does not give me too much interest.
Energy transformed: Electrical energy to thermal energy to light energy.
This procedure is quite complicated and requires a lot of different tools that may be hard to obtain or has potential safety hazards. The difficulty level is not incompletable, and the final product is beautiful, showing various energy transformations and energy transfer.
Idea 2: Windmill lamp
My idea is to make a windmill that would power a lightbulb. The lightbulb and the windmill would be decorated into a night lamp with cotton around it.
Purpose: The purpose of making this prototype is to successfully model how wind power can be converted into electricity through a windmill. Knowledge of how to make circuits and use motors would be learned through the process of making this.
User/audience:
My final product would be close to a night lamp or a normal lamp; therefore, the audience could be people of all ages. However, the appearance that I am planning to give this prototype would be more intriguing for female users or children.
Pros: This idea, like the previous one, is also practical. Its mechanism can be easily understood and carried out. The cost of the materials in this idea is also affordable. Additionally, unlike a lava lamp, a windmill-powered lamp has a variety of ways that I can change the prototype. For example, I could change the material to make a windmill, I could also add more lightbulbs and make the circuit more complicated.
Cons: Compared to the lava lamp, the procedure of this is a bit too simple. The energy transferred is also not complex which lowered the interest in this idea.
Energy transformed: Mechanical energy of wind to electrical energy to light/thermal energy.
The windmill-powered house in this video has around the same mechanisms as my idea, but the way that the author decorated the prototype is not appealing enough to me. Considering this, I would take parts of this as a reference, but not the appearance of it. I could also try using other materials apart from cardboard, but the challenge level would be larger (for example 3D printing).
Figure 1 – Logo of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 5: Gender Equality.
Even in the rapidly developing world now, women are still paid with only 70-90% of men’s wage for equivalent work (Ending Violence Against). The wage gap is not the only problem when it comes to women rights, there are far more severe societal problem relating to gender inequality. Gender, which is what someone has no control of and is born with, should not be a factor that impedes women with potential and strength from reaching success; however, the truth is that around the world, millions of women are suffering from biases and discrimination. Gender equality is an individual goal in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, also known as SDGs. Its goal is to “achieve gender equality and empower all women.” This goal is not yet reached, organizations around the world are making process, but there is still a lot left to do. Gender inequality causes all types of discrimination in society, including unequal treatments in workspace, gender-based stereotypes, lack of equal education, and the problematic deprivation of women’s safety and health rights.
Unequally Treated in Workspaces
One of the biggest problem women faces are discriminations in their workplace, which is present in almost all workplaces worldwide. “Women in the Workplace” is a survey taken by 7000 employees, both men and women, from 82 different companies, the results showed that workplaces often favor to men. Women have a 18% less promotion rate when compared to men (Parks). As a result, superior roles in workspaces are less likely given to women, then resulting false beliefs where women are not as efficient as men. With less female leadership roles in the company, promotion rate for women might decrease even more, creating a cycle. Some women’s self-esteem also gets effected, when others are treating them as people who are not as competent as men, they may start to believe this themselves. Consequently, some remain reticent when asked about their ideas, which then deterred them into not showing their real potential.
Lack of female leadership roles and promotion rate are only partial problems in workspaces around the world. Take China as an example, many companies in China query about female employees’ maternal plans during an interview, some employees got rejected if they were at the age where it is probable for them to have a child. In some cases, female employees were sacked because of their pregnancy (Zhang). Many doubts about women’s ability to work are related to pregnancy and child raising. This is prevalent in many places because women might often need respite from work for their children; it has less likelihood with men. As a result, some companies prefer hiring more men than women, this can also be caused if a job has more women applying for it. If jobs are not segregated by gender, the rate of women getting employed might have more minor gap when compared to men.
Figure 2 – Percentage of female employees graphed, showing their experience of any type of gender discrimination at work. How women with different backgrounds experience discrimination, including education, race, or age.
Apart from the unequal treatments related to finances, safety in workspaces is also a vital problem. There frequently cases where sexual harassment occurs in workspace, and oftentimes are because of superior men abusing their power (Parks). Since men have a higher chance of promoting to leadership roles in workspaces, female employee might work under a boss who abuses their power and harass the employee. Not all women who experienced these tormenting behaviors would seek help, many are apprehensive about what seeking help might cause, especially when it is relevant to their job. Sextual harassment is not always obvious, sometimes actions like language or intimate behaviors, any causing females to feel uncomfortable, can be defined as sextual harassment. However, it is difficult to find evidence for sextual harassment, therefore many people got away from it with impunity.
It is considerable that society stop perpetuating the idea where it is common, and ordinary that women receive a lighter role in workplace. Gender inequality in workspaces will only be unchangeable if actions invading women rights remain happening. At the same time, when all women employees are showing their full ability, companies can improve their achievements too.
What Harm Does Gender Stereotypes Cause?
Gender stereotypes are in almost every country in the world, causing many inconveniences and difficulties for women, unbalancing the chances for them to participate in society.
Figure 3 – Difference stereotypes between men and women, including how they think, how they behave, and how they interact with others.
People have expectations set for women differently from man. Women are often assumed as soft and gentle. Therefore, when women do anything that do not fit into these assumptions, they often get defined as aggressive (Parks). Similar assumptions on women had been present throughout history, in fact, women are often synonymous with “needing protection” and “weaker than men”. These types of stereotypes surely do offer women protection, but the image of a typical women is already instilled in minds of people, no matter their race or age. Consequently, whenever a woman falls out of these expectations, judging voices overrun them.
Stereotypes in society impacts lives of women dramatically, it relates to their childhood, their education, and their work. To eliminate these stereotypes, informing the next generation about what is correct would be a way. Even if the process would take time, it is a reachable goal to obtain an equal perspective on gender.
Importance of Equal Education
Inequivalent education has always been problematic. In developing countries, parents often have bias where boys deserve to be educated and girls do not. These types of beliefs have already become so common that they are close to a culture or tradition.
Figure 4 – A young girl feeding and taking care of her little brother in rural areas of China.
40% of girls in poor families dropped out of primary school or had no education at all (Patrone). Worldwide, 1 out of 4 women in the age 15-24 did not finish elementary school, and 58% did not complete their education (10 Causes of). In many countries’ history, women did not need to be educated, it had been an assumption or common sense at the time. As time passes, countries slowly abandon these old thoughts or stereotypes. However, countries without as many resources kept these old thoughts. When money is limited, many choose to educate boys prior to girls. Poverty is one root of gender inequality, and it forms an interminable cycle. Uneducated women cannot teach their children what is right and why girls need education, then there would be a new generation of uneducated girls.
Family Violence and Lack of Safety Rights
One out of three women around the world receive violent treating, and often by intimate family members. Women get physically and mentally ill, while in more severe cases, they died. Even though there are laws against family violence, many people received no punishment. Only 40% of women seek help when they experienced violence, resulting to cases of family violence going unknown (Ending Violence Against). Women receiving and tolerating with violence should never become a common scenario. Why some women chose to bear with these treatments could be because of social or family pressure, they did not realize the severeness of this problem, or because they are lost and have nowhere to go when they need help. Cases of violence treatments are also more prevalent in developing worlds, where women have a lower status in society.
Violence executed on women is closely related to marriage. Unwilled marriages are far too common. In developing worlds, girls marrying under 18 are normal, so are forced marriages. Quantitively, 41,000 girls under 18 are married every day (Kooser). Normally, when girls do not receive education, they get married early. As a result, many women got pregnant in their teens, having to take care of housework and children in the precious times of their youth. Forced marriages often cause more family violence, performed by their husbands. Moreover, in places with gender inequality, some view women as tools to produce the next generation. Young marriage also leads to maternal risk, many young women are not ready to get pregnant, but they have no choice. One example is in slums of Bengaluru, India, one in two married women from ages 16-25 have received family violence from their husbands; they get hit or beaten (Krishnan). Family violence result into higher risk of maternal death. Besides this, it has a horrible effect on children. Boys may be misguided in believing that violence is correct, and girls may believe that violence is just part of life.
Maternal problems are one of the most crucial problems speaking of women’s health. 40% of pregnancies worldwide are unplanned, while 50% of these 40% end up in abortions (10 Causes of). Many unplanned pregnancies are caused because of lacking knowledge about sexual relationships or facility. Hence, it is exactly why awareness needs to be spread and education about these problems must be made mandatory. In the worst case, unplanned pregnancy could ruin the life of a mother, or even take it away. Lowering unplanned pregnancy leads back to educating and empowering women, when women have awareness and knowledge on these topics, they have the ability to protect themselves, thus alleviating the problem of abortions. In addition, it can also decline population, because more unplanned pregnancies will only accelerate the rapidly growing population. Protecting the physical and mental health of women is protecting this society; the importance of women’s safety should be noticed.
Importance of Gender Equality
The need of obtaining equality for women is undebatable, when gender inequality is eliminated, there would be no more segregation at work and society, nor would there be safety and educational rights taken away from women. Women represent 50% of population on Earth, and these unequal treatments should have never become a part of their lives. Gender equality is unquestionably one of the most important SDGs. Obtaining this goal will not only contribute to women, also men and society as a whole. When all women are contributing to society, progress will increase dramatically. Apart from this, obtaining equality for all humans, no matter their gender, is the correct action to take, this fact should never be doubted. If more people become aware of the essentialness of this goal, then in the future, less women would receive violence, more women would be empowered, and more women’s voices would be heard.
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After the first trial of my candle, some problems occurred. While I was heating up my candle, I put too much water, and when it was boiling, some water got inside the wax beaker and out onto the hot plate. The wax end up having a big clump not melted because I can’t let the water boil longer. The next time I make it, I will use a bigger beaker to put the wax and water, so the melting would be more successful. I also forgot to add essential oil, and I will need to remember next time. When I’m adding flowers, they sink to the bottom, so I will try to make it flout next time. Apart from these technical errors, the recipe is fine, and the candle burns nicely.
Ingredients:
-30g Soy Wax/Bees wax
-8-10 drops of Essential Oil
– flowers
Materials:
-candle jars
-Wick
Steps
Melt soy wax in a beaker on a hot plate.
Once melted, add essential oils.
Anchor wicks to bottom of mason jars using a bit of wax.
Tape wick upright to a horizontal.
Pour wax into mason jar and then repeat until all jars are full.
Miguel Martinez was just like any normal peasant living through the Porfiriato, a period of time before the Mexican Revolution when Porfirio Diaz remained president for 35 years, where peasants worked in poverty and were oppressed by the rich. When the Mexican Revolution started, he was 25-years-old, working as a miner, just like his father. Miguel’s parents died because of illness when Miguel was 15, at that time, their family did not have the money to get cured. After the death of his parents, Miguel lived on his own, since he had no siblings. He began to hope that Diaz could be replaced and Mexico could change for peasants to have a better life. Miguel discovered that he had a gift in fighting, he was strong and skilled, so he joined Madero’s revolutionary army. After Madero failed, he became a Carranza supporter, and soon got noticed for his outstanding performance in the army. The Mexico Revolution affected his life significantly. Miguel was killed by Obregon because he refused to turn to Obregon’s side after Carranza’s death.
The Mexican Revolution was an important period of time for Mexico’s development as a country. After Porfirio Diaz got into power in 1876 he brought peace to Mexico, but the life conditions for rural poor were horrible. Diaz thought Mexico would be quickly developed if they worked with the U.S. and other foreign countries, but to some people, they think Mexico was becoming more like a colony to the U.S.. Diaz pushed modernization by building railways, but it did not benefit the poor. Most of the wealth that Mexico earned from the modernization went to the rich, Diaz, and Cientificos, who were Diaz’s technocratic advisors. At that time, Mexicans were marginalized based on the social levels and also race. Workers had to work in haciendas, which were large states in the hands of the rich. They way people had to work were similar to feudal systems, where owners of lands had absolute power. After the Mexican revolution, life quality improved a lot. After Obregon, his successor implemented educational initiative, which give poor in the rural areas ability to receive education. Ejido was given to the peasants, where workers working in lands got their own land, and no longer need to work under the rich. Secretariat of public education influenced the arts and literature in Mexico. Even thought the Mexican Revolution was bloody and caused death, it was an important step in Mexican history.
The Mexican Revolution started from 1910 and ended in 1920. During this time, the president of Mexico was changed for four times, with a lot of poitical leaders fighting for the presidency of Mexico. From 1911-1913, Francisco I. Madero was the president of Mexico after Porfirio Diaz got overthrown. Then from 1913-1914, Victoriano Huerta betrayed Madero and became president himself. Huerta was a dictator and got overthrown by several political leaders allied together, including Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Alvaro Obregon and Venustiano Carranza. In 1917, Carranza was elected as the president, but soon he was assassinated, likely by Obregon. The final president, Obregon, was elected on 1920, ending the Mexican Revolution ended. If you are interested in learning more about the Mexican Revolution, this craft video is a run through, it will give details about the important events and people within the revolution.
