In photography, the “formal elements” refers to the fundamental visual components that contribute to the composition and aesthetics of an image. These elements include line, shape, pattern, texture, tone, and focus. 

1.Line: Lines are used to create structure, define shapes, and guide the viewer’s eye through the image. They can be straight, curved, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal. Lines can convey v different moods depending on their direction and characteristics.

Example: Unsplash.com, Photographer: John Doe.

2.Shape: Shapes refer to the defined forms within an image. They can be geometric (circles, squares, triangles) or organic (natural and irregular shapes). 

Example: Pixabay.com, Photographer: Jane Smith.

3.Pattern: Patterns are created by the repetition of elements, such as lines, shapes, or colors, within an image. Patterns add rhythm and visual interest to a photograph.

Example:  Pexels.com, Photographer: John Smith.

4.Texture: Texture refers to the tactile quality or visual appearance of surfaces within an image. It can be smooth, rough, soft, or coarse. Texture adds depth, dimension, and a sense of tactile realism to a photograph, allowing viewers to imagine how the subject would feel if touched.

Example:  Unsplash.com, Photographer: Jane Doe.

5.Tone: Tone refers to the brightness, darkness, and contrast in an image. It represents the range of light and shadow within a photograph. Tone sets the mood, atmosphere, and visual impact of an image, and it can create a sense of drama, serenity, or mystery.

Example:  Pixabay.com, Photographer: John Johnson.

6.Focus: Focus refers to the sharpness or clarity of the subject within an image. It directs the viewer’s attention to the main point of interest and creates a sense of depth and dimension within the photograph. Selective focus can isolate a subject from its surroundings, emphasizing its importance.

Example: Pexels.com, Photographer: Jane Johnson.

Yes, an image can certainly emphasize and showcase one specific element at a time. one element may be dominant, other elements will interact with each other to create a composition.