Formal Elements:

• Line – lines can be straight (vertical, horizontal, diagonal), curved, thick, thin, layered, numerous
• Shape – shape helps to describe the nature of a subject or how a subject is in the world, such as large, small, curved, straight-edged, heavy, light
• Repetition/Pattern – subjects, shapes, or lines that are repeated throughout the image
• Texture – texture allows the audience to imagine what something may feel like and uses shadows to create a sense of contrast in 3D images
• Value/Tone – value is the amount of light and dark (shades/lighting), while tone is taking a pure colour and diluting it with grey
• Focus – focus is whether or not an image is clear, or what in the image is sharp or focused upon

In photography, formal elements are the various components that make up what we see, making a photo interesting. 

My Example Photos:

Line:

Shape:

Repetition/Pattern:

Texture:

Value/Tone:

Focus:

I believe that it is particularly difficult for an image to only include one formal element unless it is a photo of a single colour, with no texture, no outlines, and no inconsistencies in the colour. In this manner, all images should consist of a combination of various formal elements of photography, in turn making the picture even more intriguing to look at.