Formal Elements: These are the basic parts used to make up the photography. Each photographer has its own formal and visual elements they want to show off. These include line, shape, pattern, texture, focus, and tone. Once they are used equally and proportionally, well-done photography is created.
6 elements
Line: The objects create specific lines; the thickness and curves can be random. The lines create visual interest and outline the main appearance of the photo. Lines can be used to direct the viewer’s attention, create a sense of depth, and can even be used to create a sense of movement and energy.
Example)

Shape: Usually two-dimensional, and can be both geometric and organic shapes that are captured behind the lens. Geometric shapes are in straight lines, such as rectangles, while organic shapes are in curved lines, like circles. They are related when it comes to the purpose of their usage, but they are quite different. Organic shapes are usually used to describe natural, flowing, soft, or calming, but geometric shapes are used to symbolize chaos, anger, or rigidity.
Example)

Geometric shapes are used in this photo

Organic shapes are used in this photo.
photography, goodhart. “Photography Element of Composition: Shape – Goodhart.” Goodhartphotographyva.com, 24 Jan. 2022, goodhartphotographyva.com/28-day-photography-challenge-shape/.
Pattern and repetition: Pattern is a regularity within a scene. Since the pattern is just a repetition of the shapes themselves, it reflects and echoes the predictable way. Patterns and repetition can be found and commonly seen in any objects, lines, or shapes.
Example)

Texture: Texture is the visual depiction of variations in the color, shape, and depth of an object’s surface. Simply, if you were able to touch the surface of a photo or object, you might have been able to have a specific feeling that immediately came to your mind. Texture decides the photo to be brought to life and vibrance to images, which could affect the viewers.
Example)

Kenney, Krystal. “How to Capture Texture in Photography.” Great Big Photography World, 24 June 2021, greatbigphotographyworld.com/texture-in-photography/. Accessed 9 Sept. 2024.
Tone: Tone is decided by the proportional amount between light and dark. Shadows are dark tones, while highlights are bright tones.
Example)
Focus: The object or subject that is outstanding by making the background and useless elements blurry.
Example)

Greengo, John. “Photography Basics: Fix Your Focus.” CreativeLive Blog, 17 Jan. 2018, www.creativelive.com/blog/photography-basics-focus/.
I feel like the number of elements shown in a photograph can vary depending on the photographer’s purpose. While it is possible to include only one element in the photo to make it simple, it’s not always possible to be shown like that. Usually, two or more elements are included in a photo regarding the photographer’s purpose because the balance between background and object creates diverse aspects of elements.