- Explain what the phrase Formal Elements means in photography.
- Describe each of the 6 elements discussed so far (line, shape, pattern, texture, tone, focus)
- Give an example that emphasizes each element (you can use your own image or an image from somebody else – but it must be cited!)
- Can an image show just one element at a time? Justify your answer.
Formal elements are visual features that can transform simple subjects into great shots.
Line: Start by looking for lines in your composition that can guide the viewer through your shot or to a specific focal point. These are known as leading lines. Your lines don’t necessarily need to be straight, horizontal or vertical; they can be curved, angular, or random too.
Shape: Regarding shape in photography, this usually means a 2D subject outline. In contrast, form refers to a shape with a more 3D appearance. We’ve put these two together for this video as one formal element.
Pattern: Symmetry and repetition make interesting photographic subjects. And when you start looking, you’ll see a surprising amount of patterns around you in the natural and built environment.
Texture: Texture in your composition can bring your image to life by giving the viewer a tangible connection with it, and is particularly popular in macro photography. You can draw textures out of all kinds of surfaces and environments. And to do this, you can use a wide range of lighting setups and shoot with a variety of depth-of-field.
Tone: Focusing on tone in your image means using variables of contrast and light and dark areas to bring depth to your image.
Focus: When taking photographs you’ll have to seize the focus rate in order to avoid blurriness.

Some artists like to focus on just one or two formal elements in their artwork, however most artworks have a mix of visual elements in one piece. Usually, there will be one or two dominant formal elements that help to convey the meaning or mood of an artwork.
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